Gender based Violence And Its Effect On Children: Kenya & India

ABSTRACT

Gender-based violence (GBV) affects about 35% of women and children globally, and it is a major public concern. GBV is defined as any harmful act perpetrated against an individual based on their sex. This literature review delves into the various forms of GBV, specifically physical abuse, and examines the effects of GBV on children in the regional areas of South Asia (India), and Africa (Kenya). Physical abuse is one of the most common forms of GBV and is experienced by seven out of ten victims. This type of abuse involves intentional physical harm to an individual without legal justification, and it is commonly observed in intimate partner relationships due to a lack of proper communication skills. Culture and upbringing play a significant role in how couples communicate with each other during conflicts, which may lead to physical violence. Substance abuse and inability to control emotions can also instigate physical abuse. In South Asia, about one in every three women experience GBV through physical abuse. According to research, the number of GBV cases across various states in India has significantly risen by 87% between 2011 and 2021, and the number of reports of GBV in states such as West Bengal has increased by about 12% in the last decade Physical violence has a significant impact on children and education in India, with every three out of five children being victims of physical violence, according to research conducted by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2021. Physical abuse can have both short-term and long-term effects on children’s lives, including mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic disorders. Depression is common among victims of GBV, as they often feel neglected and demotivated due to the trauma they have experienced. Anxiety is also prevalent among GBV victims, with fear and apprehension being common symptoms. Children who are victims of GBV may develop a fear of going back to school or being around the same individuals who had previously abused them. Additionally, physical abuse in intimate partner relationships can lead to social isolation and the victim’s subsequent withdrawal from social life. In conclusion, GBV is a serious public concern that affects women and children globally. Physical abuse is one of the most common forms of GBV, and it has significant short-term and long-term effects on the lives of children. Culture, upbringing, substance abuse, and the inability to control emotions are all factors that can instigate physical abuse. Therefore, it is crucial to address GBV and its effects to ensure the dignity and equality of human rights are upheld globally