The Impact of Geographical Indications on Agricultural Development and Farmer’s Livelihood in India

ABSTRACT

Geographical Indications (GIs) are an important form of intellectual property rights that identify products as originating from a specific region, where their quality and reputation are closely linked to geographical factors. In agriculture, especially in a diverse country like India, GIs play a significant role in distinguishing unique products shaped by local climate, soil conditions, and traditional knowledge. Recognized internationally under the TRIPS Agreement and regulated in India by the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, GIs provide legal protection and promote fair trade practices. This study highlights the importance of GIs in enhancing farmers’ income, supporting rural development, and preserving biodiversity and traditional farming methods. It also examines how GI-tagged products such as Darjeeling Tea and Basmati Rice gain market recognition and premium value. However, despite these advantages, challenges such as low awareness, inadequate marketing infrastructure, and limited global access hinder their effective implementation. Therefore, understanding the impact of GIs in agriculture is essential to fully utilize their potential for economic growth and sustainable rural livelihoods.