Protection Of Wages For Digital Technology-Based Workers In The Digital Economy: A Study Of Spanish Law And Recommendations For Vietnam

ABSTRACT

The rapid development of the digital economy and technology-driven labour models has fundamentally transformed the organisation of work, with workers’ income increasingly dependent on algorithmic systems that allocate tasks, evaluate performance, and determine remuneration. However, Vietnamese labour law remains largely grounded in traditional employment relationships, resulting in significant legal gaps in the protection of wages for digital technology-enabled workers. Drawing on Spain’s experience under the Ley Rider and comparing it with the Vietnamese legal framework, this article examines the theoretical foundations of wage protection in digital work environments, identifies the limitations of current labour regulations, and proposes legal reforms aimed at establishing a presumption of employment relationship, ensuring algorithmic transparency, and strengthening wage protection mechanisms for digital technology-enabled workers.