India’s Maritime Legal Regime: A Critical Study of Its Role in the Blue Economy and Global Trade

ABSTRACT

This article examines how India’s maritime law underpins its ambition for a robust blue economy, blending international conventions, such as UNCLOS, with comprehensive national statutes that govern jurisdiction, shipping, and resource management. It analyses major legislative frameworks – from the Merchant Shipping Act to the Major Port Authorities Act and highlights strategic initiatives, including the SAGARMALA Project and Deep Ocean Mission. Despite progress, the sector faces challenges from fragmented jurisdiction, labour law enforcement gaps, and persistent marine pollution issues. The evolving legal landscape, marked by recent reforms and enhanced technological oversight, positions India to overcome these obstacles, strengthen sustainable maritime governance, and assert itself as a leader in global maritime affairs for generations to come.